Key Elements of a Presentation Gaining a proper understanding of the elements, types, and principles of speaking and using effective methods of delivery are essential for delivering a good presentation. In general, the act of speaking is comprised of the speaker, listener, content, and medium.    Here, the speaker is the agent who prepares and delivers the speech. The speaker must have a command of the necessary skills and techniques needed to deliver an effective presentation. Therefore, the speaker must be aware of the purpose, well-versed on the topic at hand, a good and effective speaker, and maintain the right attitude about himself/herself as well as towards the audience.   The listener is the other party to the speaker and communicates with the speaker based on the information the speaker conveys. The listener is also referred to as the audience or receiver, and participates in the conversations with a purpose just as the speaker does. A good listener should have an understanding about the purpose of the conversation, knowledge about the topic at hand, and right attitude towards listening.   The content refers to the message conveyed by the speaker to the listener and comes in the form of information, knowledge, ideas, opinions, etc. about a certain fact. The content should be organized according to the speaker’s intent and structured following a certain order. The speaker talks to the listener in order to convey something meaningful. In addition to the verbal message, non-verbal elements such as tone of voice, eye contact, facial expression, gestures, and appearance are also powerful tools.    The medium refers to the vehicle that carries the message. In other words, the medium of delivery. Both verbal and non-verbal elements convey content.   In summary, effective speech requires first and foremost an understanding of the relationship between the speaker, listener, content, and medium.

RehearsalAdd variety to the volume and intensity of your voice. The volume and intensity of your voice should vary depending on the venue, the particular circumstances, and number of listeners.    First, think about the volume of your voice. How loud should you speak? The level of your voice should be determined based on the size of the venue, number of listeners, and background noise.    Intonation is also an important tool for expressing emotions. Psychological states such as joy, sadness, satisfaction, dissatisfaction, tension, embarrassment, boredom, and interest can be conveyed through intonation. Intonation distinguishes a question fr|om a statement and vividly conveys the speaker’s feelings.   You can also place emphasis by controlling your speed. In general, people speak at 100 words per minute. This would be roughly equivalent to a two-page manuscript (200 characters per page). However, that does not mean there is a ‘correct’ speed of talking. For example, you are bound to talk slower when you are explaining something step-by-step and faster when you are in a heated debate. It’s important to adjust your speaking rate depending on the situation.   You can also use pauses to great effect. Pausing in your speech can enhance the effectiveness of your delivery. Pauses can be used to place emphasis or turn your audience’s attention to a different topic.   Varying your tone can also bring you speech to life. A monotonous tone will bore your listeners. Adjust your tone using both intense and soft tones to make your communication with the audience more dynamic.   Accurate pronunciation also enhances delivery. Practicing standard pronunciation is an effective way to make sure you get the pronunciation correct.