The basic structure of an academic journal articleAn academic journal article typically consists of a title, keywords, an abstract, an introduction, a body, and conclusions.    These parts may vary to some extent depending on the type of article or the specific requirements of a journal. A bibliography is also an essential element of a journal article. Acknowledgments are often added, along with other items that may be required by individual journals.   Title The title is the first thing that grabs the reader's attention. It must be concise and precise while effectively highlighting the theme and purpose of the paper. A good title will include keywords fr|om the thesis, while abbreviations and symbols are to be avoided. A subtitle is customarily added in social science journals. Some journals require a running title to be submitted.   Keywords Keywords are a core element of a research article. They are crucial for classifying the article. Typically, journals require the author(s) to include three to seven keywords. These keywords help readers find the articles they are looking for.   Abstract The abstract is a summary of the major points of the research. Abstracts should be carefully written because most readers read them first to get a sense of what the research is about and what new findings it contains. An abstract should describe the purpose, methodology and findings of the research.   Introduction The introduction presents the research questions, their relevance, and sets the stage for the points and arguments that are developed in the body. It may include the purpose and significance of the research along with a brief account of key references.   Body The body explores key arguments, presents supportive evidence, and explains the significance of the findings. It is structured as a series of paragraphs, with each paragraph addressing a single idea. The paragraphs must be well connected with one another. The body covers methodology, research findings, and discussions, presented in formats that may vary across academic disciplines and journals.   Conclusion The conclusion recaps research findings and their interpretations. It summarizes key elements of the introduction and the body with added comments about the study's academic contributions.   Others It summarizes key elements of the introduction and the body with added comments about the study's academic contributions. Additionally, depending on a journal's requirements, the section may include a competing interests statement, an ethics approval statement, a profile of the author(s) including their names, affiliations, and an account of each author's contribution.  

Title, Keywords, and Abstract The title should be one phrase or sentence that encompasses the purpose, method, and key results of the research.  Use simple and expressive phrases that can grab the reader’s attention, but avoid using provocative puns. Subtitles provide additional context that supplement the main title. Normally, the subtitle comes after the main title and is separated with a colon (:). If the main title is slightly broad and abstract, the subtitle can be more specific. The subtitle can provide historical and geopolitical context, or describe a specific person who was the focus of the study. A running title (running head) is a shorter version of the main title. This is usually printed at the top of each page of hardcopies to make it easier to recognize which article each page belongs to. Choose a title that complies with the strict character limitations (usually 50-80 characters) set forth by each journal.     Use keywords that help your article stand out in search engine results, but at the same time, make sure your keywords cover your research topic. Scrutinize the rules of the journal you wish to submit your article to. Usually five to eight keywords are submitted, but some journals will only allow full-text indexes or single words. If phrases are allowed, make sure they reflect the content of your research. Do not repeat the words used in the title. Choose similar words. Avoid using overly broad and ambiguous words.      An abstract is a condensed version of the entire article.  Therefore, write an abstract that captures the reader’s attention and gives the reader a good idea of the main points included in your introduction, materials and methods, results, and discussion. Include both known and unknown facts, detailed hypotheses and questions, research strategies, main results, and academic and applied significance of your article. Vary the number of sentences that comprise your abstract depending on the content of your research. An abstract is usually comprised of 250 to 450 words in English, but make sure to check the rules of each journal as most journals will impose a limit on the number of words that can be allocated to the abstract. You can choose to write the abstract after finishing the entire article.