Directions
Ethics
Q. How is research writing ethically different fr|om other types of writing?
A. AUTHORSHIP, RESPONSIBILITY, and ACCOUNTABILITY
The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following four criteria:
• Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, orinterpretation of data for the work; AND
• Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
• Final approval of the version to bepublished; AND
• Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
*Source fr|om : https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html
A. ChatGPT is not an author.
• All academic journal publishers agree that ChatGPT or any other AI tool is NOT an author.
• Do not put Generative AI LLM as a co-author.
• Because AI is not an author, AI cannot hold copyright.
• “Recent court cases have established that there is no copyright possible for AI output. The basis for this decision by the US copyright office is the concept of “human authorship.”
• “Most fundamentally, the term ‘author,’ which is used in both the Constitution and the Copyright Act, excludes non-humans.”
*Source fr|om : https://www.copyright.gov/ai/ai_policy_guidance.pdf
B. Text generated by ChatGPT is notacceptable.
• To have copyright, a work must be original.
• Authors who want to publish in Science must confirm that “the work is original.”
• “For the Science journals,the word “original” is enough to signal that text written by ChatGPT is not acceptable: It is, after all, plagiarized fr|om ChatGPT.”
*Source fr|om : https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg7879
• “Artificial intelligence (AI). Text generatedfr|om AI, machine learning, or similar algorithmic tools cannot be used in papers published in Science journals, nor can the accompanying figures, images, or graphics be the products of such tools, without explicit permission fr|om the editors. In addition, an AI program cannot be an author of a Science journal paper. A violation of this policy constitutes scientific misconduct.”
*Source fr|om : https://www.science.org/content/page/science-journals-editorial-policies
• Where authors use generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, these technologies should only be used to improve readability and language of the work. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control and authors should carefully review and edit the result, because AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete orbiased. The authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for thecontents of the work.
*Source fr|om :https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/publishing-ethics
C. Check policies before using LLM.
• Check the policy of the specific journalor conference before submitting.
• Check the policy of the professor forassignments in a class that you are taking.
• Policies are continuously being updated. Make sure to review policies before final submission of an article.